Аннотация
This study critically examines the persistent separatist agitations in Southeast Nigeria, with a focus on Anambra State from 1960 to 2025, and their profound implications for Nigeria’s national security. Rooted in historical grievances, ethnic identity, political marginalization, economic disparities, and external influences, these movements have continually challenged Nigeria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The research contextualizes the evolution of separatist groups such as IPOB and MASSOB, analyzing their ideologies, strategies ranging from peaceful protests to armed resistance and the catalysts driving their resurgence, including resource control, political exclusion, and socio-economic neglect. The study employs qualitative content analysis of official documents, media reports, and scholarly literature to unpack how these factors intertwine to perpetuate cycles of violence, displacement, and insecurity. Findings reveal that unresolved historical injustices, politicized ethnic identities, and marginalization significantly fuel violent incidents, undermining social cohesion and regional stability. Security responses often oscillate between repression and dialogue, but without addressing root causes such as inclusive governance and equitable resource distribution, these measures have limited long-term efficacy. External influences, notably diaspora activism and international diplomatic pressures, further complicate conflict dynamics by either escalating tensions or facilitating peace efforts. The research highlights the critical need for policies fostering inclusive governance, socio-economic development, truth reconciliation, and balanced external engagement to mitigate violence. The study advocates for a holistic approach integrating security strategies with political and economic reforms, emphasizing community-level peace building and stakeholder participation. It highlights that addressing identity-based grievances and ensuring social justice are paramount for fostering enduring peace and national cohesion. Policymakers are encouraged to prioritize transparency, justice, and regional development, while international actors should support local ownership of peace processes. This research contributes to the understanding of ethno-nationalist conflicts in Nigeria, offering policy recommendations aimed at curbing separatist violence and strengthening Nigeria’s security architecture. It emphasizes that sustainable peace depends on resolving underlying grievances, promoting dialogue, and building resilient institutions.