Abstract
This article analyzes the main methods of econometric modeling, which is an important tool for studying economic processes using mathematical and statistical methods. The most widely used in modeling are simple and multivariate regression, logit and probit models, panel data analysis, time series models (ARIMA, ARCH/GARCH), as well as advanced approaches such as instrumental variables and two-stage least squares (2SLS). The theoretical foundations of each method, areas of practical application, and their advantages and limitations are studied. The article serves to create a systematic overview of modern econometric approaches that allow for effective analysis and forecasting in economic and social areas.